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philosophic burden of proof
In epistemology, the burden of proof or onus probandi is a discursive convention that obligates a party in an epistemic dispute to provide sufficient warrant for their position.
==Holder of the burden==
When two parties are in a discussion and one asserts a claim that the other disputes, the one who asserts has a ''burden of proof'' to justify or substantiate that claim -i.e., X is good/true/beautiful, etc. An argument from ignorance occurs when either a proposition is assumed to be true because it has not yet been proved false or a proposition is assumed to be false because it has not yet been proved true. This has the effect of shifting the burden of proof to the person criticizing the proposition, but is not valid reasoning.
While certain kinds of arguments, such as logical syllogisms, require mathematical or strictly logical proofs, the standard for evidence to meet the burden of proof is usually determined by context and community standards.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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